Members Login
Username 
 
Password 
    Remember Me  
Post Info TOPIC: ¢éÍÁÙÅ·ÑèÇä» ÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ


Senior Member

Status: Offline
Posts: 379
Date:
¢éÍÁÙÅ·ÑèÇä» ÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ
Permalink   


 



ÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ
Republic of India


  ¢éÍÁÙÅ·ÑèÇä»·ÕèµÑ駵Ñé§ÍÂÙèã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤àÍàªÕÂãµé ·Ò§·ÔÈà˹×͵Դ¡Ñº¨Õ¹ ๻ÒÅ áÅÐÀÙ¯Ò¹ ·Ò§µÐÇѹµ¡à©Õ§à˹×͵Դ¡Ñº»Ò¡Õʶҹ ·Ò§µÐÇѹÍÍ¡à©Õ§à˹×͵Դ¾ÁèÒ ·Ò§µÐÇѹÍÍ¡à©Õ§ãµéáÅеÐÇѹµ¡à©Õ§ãµéµÔ´ÁËÒÊÁØ·ÃÍÔ¹à´Õ áÅзҧµÐÇѹÍÍ¡µÔ´ºÑ§¤ÅÒà·È
                         
¾×é¹·Õè 3,287,590 µÒÃÒ§¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ (Íѹ´Ñº 7 ¢Í§âÅ¡)

àÁ×ͧËÅǧ ¡Ãا¹ÔÇà´ÅÕ (New Delhi)

àÁ×ͧÊӤѭ ÁØÁäº à»ç¹ÈÙ¹Âì¡ÅÒ§·Ò§¡ÒäéÒ ¡ÒÃà§Ô¹ áÅСÒäÁ¹Ò¤Á à»ç¹àÁ×ͧ·èÒ ÊӤѭáÅÐà»ç¹áËÅ觼ÅÔµÀҾ¹µÃìÎÔ¹´Õ·ÕèãË­è·ÕèÊØ´ ºÑ§¡ÒÅÍÃì à»ç¹àÁ×ͧÈÙ¹Âì¡ÅÒ§¢Í§ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ·Õèãªéà·¤â¹âÅÂÕªÑé¹ÊÙ§ â´Â੾Òдéҹ෤â¹âÅÂÕÊÒÃʹà·È ÍÔàÅç¡·Ã͹ԡÊì ¡ÒúԹáÅÐ ÍÇ¡ÒÈà¨¹ä¹ à»ç¹ÈÙ¹Âì¡ÅÒ§¸ØáԨã¹ÀÒ¤ãµé¢Í§ÍÔ¹à´Õ ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁËÅÑ¡¤×ÍÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁö¹µì ¡ÑšѵµÒ à»ç¹àÁ×ͧËÅǧà¡èҢͧÍÔ¹à´Õ áÅÐà»ç¹àÁ×ͧãË­èÍѹ´Ñº 2

ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈÁÕÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§ÁÒ¡ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè¡ÇéÒ§ãË­èµÍ¹à˹×ÍÍÂÙèã¹à¢µË¹ÒÇ ¢³Ð·ÕèµÍ¹ãµéÍÂÙèã¹à¢µÃé͹ ·Ò§à˹×ÍÁÕáÁè¹éÓÊÒÂãË­èäËżèÒ¹ ¤×ÍáÁè¹éÓÊÔ¹¸ØáÅФ§¤Ò ¨Ö§ÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙóì¡Çèҵ͹ãµé «Öè§ÁÕáµèáÁè¹éÓÊÒÂÊÑé¹æ ÍسËÀÙÁÔà©ÅÕèÂã¹·ÕèÃÒºªèǧĴÙÃé͹ »ÃÐÁÒ³ 35
ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ áÅÐÄ´Ù˹ÒÇ »ÃÐÁÒ³ 10 ͧÈÒà«Åà«ÕÂÊ
»ÃЪҡà 1,049,700,118 ÅéÒ¹¤¹ (2546) (ÁÒ¡à»ç¹Íѹ´Ñº 2 ¢Í§âÅ¡)

àª×éÍªÒµÔ ÍÔ¹â´-ÍÒÃÂѹ ÃéÍÂÅÐ 72 ´ÃÒÇÔà´Õ¹ ÃéÍÂÅÐ 25 Áͧâ¡ÅÍ´ì ÃéÍÂÅÐ 2 áÅÐÍ×è¹ æ ÃéÍÂÅÐ 1

ÀÒÉÒÀÒÉÒÎÔ¹´Õà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒ·Õèãªéâ´Â»ÃЪҪ¹ÊèǹãË­è ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒ·Õèãªéã¹Ç§ÃÒª¡ÒÃáÅиØáԨ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ÂѧÁÕÀÒÉÒ·éͧ¶Ôè¹ÍÕ¡¹ÑºÃéÍÂÀÒÉÒ áµè·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡ÁÕ 14 ÀÒÉÒ ÍÒ·Ô ÍÙô٠àµÅ١٠ວ¡ÒÅÕ ÁÒÃÒ¸Õ ·ÁÔÌ ¡Ø¨ÃÒ´Õ áÅлѭ¨ÒºÕ

ÈÒÊ¹Ò ÎÔ¹´Ù ÃéÍÂÅÐ 81.3 ÁØÊÅÔÁÃéÍÂÅÐ 12 ¤ÃÔʵìÃéÍÂÅÐ 2.3 «Ô¡¢ìÃéÍÂÅÐ 1.9
Í×è¹ æ (¾Ø·¸ હ áÅйҫÔ) ÃéÍÂÅÐ 2.5

˹èÇÂà§Ô¹µÃÒÃÙ»Õ ÍѵÃÒáÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹ 1 ´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° à·èҡѺ 43.75 ÃÙ»Õ (ÁԶعÒ¹ 2547)

GDP 505.8 ¾Ñ¹ÅéÒ¹´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (2546)

ÃÒÂä´éà©ÅÕèµèÍËÑÇ 480 ´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (2546)

ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃàµÔºâµ·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ 8.10 (2546)

·Ø¹ÊÓÃͧà§Ô¹µÃÒµèÒ§»ÃÐà·È 109.9 ¾Ñ¹ÅéÒ¹´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2547)

ÍѵÃÒà§Ô¹à¿éÍ ÃéÍÂÅÐ 4.91 (ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2547)

´ØÅ¡ÒäéÒ¢Ò´´ØÅ 14.43 ¾Ñ¹ÅéÒ¹´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (àÁÉÒ¹ 2546-Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2547)

ÁÙŤèÒ¡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡ 47.5 ¾Ñ¹ÅéÒ¹´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (àÁÉÒ¹ 2546-Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2547)(à¾ÔèÁ¢Ö鹨ҡªèǧàÇÅÒà´ÕÂǡѹ㹻աè͹˹éÒÃéÍÂÅÐ 12.83)

ÁÙŤèÒ¡ÒùÓà¢éÒ 61.9 ¾Ñ¹ÅéÒ¹´ÍÅÅÒÃìÊËÃÑ° (àÁÉÒ¹ 2546-Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2547)(à¾ÔèÁ¢Ö鹨ҡªèǧàÇÅÒà´ÕÂǡѹ㹻աè͹˹éÒÃéÍÂÅÐ 24.70)

ÊÔ¹¤éÒÊè§ÍÍ¡ÍÑ­Á³ÕáÅСÖè§ÍÑ­Á³Õ ¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ì«Í¿µìáÇÃì àÊ×éͼéÒÊÓàÃç¨ÃÙ» à¤ÁÕÀѳ±ì àǪÀѳ±ì à¤Ã×èͧ˹ѧ

ÊÔ¹¤éÒ¹Óà¢éÒ»ÔâµÃàÅÕÂÁ ¹éÓÁѹ´Ôº ÍÑ­Á³ÕáÅСÖè§ÍÑ­Á³Õ à¤Ã×èͧãªéä¿¿éÒ à¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ã àËÅç¡ áÅлØëÂ

µÅÒ´Êè§ÍÍ¡ÊËÃÑ°Ï ÊËÃÑ°ÍÒËÃѺàÍÁÔàõÊì Îèͧ¡§ Íѧ¡ÄÉ àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ ¨Õ¹ ­Õè»Øè¹ àºÅàÂÕèÂÁ

µÅÒ´¹Óà¢éÒ ÊËÃÑ°Ï àºÅàÂÕèÂÁ ¨Õ¹ Íѧ¡ÄÉ àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ ­Õè»Øè¹ ÊÔ§¤â»Ãì ÁÒàÅà«ÕÂ

ÇѹÊӤѭ ÇѹªÒµÔ (Republic Day) Çѹ·Õè 26 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á
ÇѹàÍ¡ÃÒª (Independence Day) Çѹ·Õè 15 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á

Ãкͺ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ »ÃЪҸԻäµÂÃкºÃÑ°ÊÀÒ (Parliamentary Democracy)

Ãкº¡Òû¡¤Ãͧ ÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ° (Federal Republic) ÍÓ¹Ò¨¡Òû¡¤Ãͧáºè§à»ç¹ 28 ÃÑ° áÅÐÊËÀÒ¾ÍÒ³Òࢵ¢Í§ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§ (Union Territories) ÍÕ¡ 7 ࢵ á¡ÈÒʹÒÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ (secular state)

»ÃÐÁØ¢¢Í§ÃÑ° ¹Ò Abdul Kalam ´ÓçµÓá˹觻ÃиҹҸԺ´Õà¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè 26 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2545

»ÃиҹÊÀÒÊÙ§ ¹Ò Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Ãͧ»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ·Ó˹éÒ·Õè
(ÃÒªÂÊÀÒ)»ÃиҹÊÀÒÊÙ§â´ÂµÓáË¹è§ (Chairman of Rajya Sabha)à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×èÍà´×͹ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2545

»ÃиҹÊÀÒ¹Ò Somnath Chatterjee (Speaker of Lok Sabha)

¼Ùéá·¹ÃÒɮà (âÅ¡ÊÀÒ)à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×èÍà´×͹¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2547

¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ Dr. Manmohan Singh à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×èÍ 22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2547

ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕµèÒ§»ÃÐà·È¹Ò K Natwar Singh à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×è;ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2547

ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ¤Åѧ ¹Ò P Chidambaram à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×è;ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2547

ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ¾Ò³ÔªÂì ¹Ò Kamal Nath à¢éÒÃѺµÓá˹è§àÁ×è;ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2547



¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¡Òû¡¤Ãͧ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¡Òû¡¤Ãͧ
- ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂà»ç¹»ÃÐà·ÈÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°»ÃЪҸԻäµÂã¹ÃкºÃÑ°ÊÀÒ ÁÕ»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õà»ç¹»ÃÐÁØ¢ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È
- ÁÕ¡ÒáÃШÒÂÍÓ¹Ò¨¡Òû¡¤Ãͧã¹ÅѡɳÐÊ˾ѹ¸ÃÑ° (Federal System) áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹
ÃÑ°µèÒ§æ 28 ÃÑ°

ÍÓ¹Ò¨ºÃÔËÒÃÊèǹ¡ÅÒ§
- ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§Âѧ¤§ÍÓ¹Ò¨ã¹àÃ×èͧ¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹»ÃÐà·È ´éÒ¹¹âºÒµèÒ§»ÃÐà·È ¡ÒÃöä¿
¡ÒúԹáÅСÒäÁ¹Ò¤ÁÍ×è¹æ ´éÒ¹¡ÒÃà§Ô¹ ´éÒ¹¡®ËÁÒÂÍÒ­Ò ÏÅÏ

½èÒ¹ԵԺѭ­ÑµÔ »ÃСͺ´éÇ 2 ÊÀÒ ¤×Í ÃÒªÂÊÀÒ (Rajya Sabha) ËÃ×ÍÊÀÒÊÙ§ áÅÐ
âÅ¡ÊÀÒ (Lok Sabha) ËÃ×ÍÊÀÒ¼Ùéá·¹ÃÒɮà ¡ÒõÃÒ¡®ËÁÒµèÒ§æ ¨Ðµéͧä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁàË繪ͺ¨Ò¡·Ñé§ÊͧÊÀÒµÒÁÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­ºÑ­­ÑµÔãËéÃÒªÂÊÀÒÁÕÊÁÒªÔ¡ 250 ¤¹ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕÊÁÒªÔ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ 245 ¤¹ 12 ¤¹ ¨Ðà»ç¹¼Ùé·Ã§¤Ø³ÇزÔã¹ÊÒ¢ÒµèÒ§æ ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃáµè§µÑé§â´Â»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ·Ø¡æ 2 »Õ ÍÕ¡ 233 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑ駷ҧÍéÍÁ à»ç¹¼Ùéá·¹¢Í§ÃÑ°áÅÐ Union Territories
âÅ¡ÊÀÒÁÕÊÁÒªÔ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ 545 ¤¹ ÊÁÒªÔ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ 543 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§â´ÂµÃ§
(530 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡áµèÅÐÃÑ° /13 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡ Union Territories) áÅÐÍÕ¡ 2 ¤¹ ÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒäѴàÅ×Í¡¢Í§»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ¨Ò¡¡ÅØèÁÍÔ¹â´-ÍÒÃÂѹ㹻ÃÐà·È ÍÂÙèã¹ÇÒÃФÃÒÇÅÐ 5 »Õ àÇé¹àÊÕÂáµè¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÂغÊÀÒ

½èÒºÃÔËÒÃ
»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ à»ç¹»ÃÐÁØ¢¢Í§ÃÑ° áÅÐà»ç¹ËÑÇ˹éÒ¤³Ð¼ÙéºÃÔËÒà (Head of Executive of the
Union) «Ö觻ÃСͺ´éÇÂÃͧ»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ áÅФ³ÐÃÑ°ºÒÅ »ÃиҹҸԺ´Õä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑ駷ҧÍéÍÁ¨Ò¡¼Ùéá·¹¢Í§·Ñé§ 2 ÊÀÒ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ÊÀҹԵԺѭ­ÑµÔ¢Í§áµèÅÐÃÑ° ´ÓçµÓá˹觤ÃÒÇÅÐ 5 »Õ ÊÒÁÒöŧÊÁѤÃÃѺàÅ×Í¡µÑé§à»ç¹ÇÒÃзÕè 2 ä´é Ãͧ»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑ駷ҧÍéÍÁ¨Ò¡¼Ùéá·¹¢Í§·Ñé§ 2 ÊÀÒ ´ÓçµÓá˹觤ÃÒÇÅÐ 5 »Õ áÅÐà»ç¹»ÃиҹÃÒªÂÊÀÒâ´ÂµÓá˹è§
¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ à»ç¹¼Ùé·ÕèÁÕÍӹҨ㹡ÒúÃÔËÒÃÍÂèÒ§á·é¨ÃÔ§ ´ÓçµÓá˹觤ÃÒÇÅÐ 5 »Õ ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃáµè§µÑé§â´ÂµÃ§¨Ò¡»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ à»ç¹ËÑÇ˹éÒ¤³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ (Council of Ministers) «Öè§ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃáµè§µÑé§â´Â»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ â´Â¡ÒÃàʹÍá¹Ð¢Í§¹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ ¤³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ»ÃСͺ´éÇ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ (Ministers) ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ·Õè¢Ö鹵çµè͹Ò¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ (Ministers of State - Independent Charge) áÅÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕªèÇÂÇèÒ¡Òà (Ministers of State) ÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍºâ´ÂµÃ§µèÍâÅ¡ÊÀÒ

½èÒµØÅÒ¡Òà ÍÓ¹Ò¨µØÅÒ¡ÒÃà»ç¹ÍÓ¹Ò¨ÍÔÊÃÐ äÁè¢Ö鹡Ѻ½èÒºÃÔËÒà ÁÕ˹éÒ·Õ軡»éͧáÅÐ
µÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­ ÈÒÅ®Õ¡Ò (Supreme Court) à»ç¹ÈÒÅÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§»ÃÐà·È ¼Ùé¾Ô¾Ò¡ÉÒ»ÃШÓÈÒÅ®Õ¡Ò ÁըӹǹäÁèà¡Ô¹ 25 ¤¹ áµè§µÑé§â´Â»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ÃдѺÃÑ° ÁÕÈÒÅÊÙ§ (High Court) ¢Í§µ¹àͧà»ç¹ÈÒÅÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§áµèÅÐÃÑ° ÃͧŧÁÒà»ç¹ Subordinate Courts «Öè§áµ¡µèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä»ã¹áµèÅÐÃÑ°

ÍÓ¹Ò¨ºÃÔËÒÃÃдѺÃÑ°
- ÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­ÍÔ¹à´ÕÂáºè§á¡ÍÓ¹Ò¨ÃÐËÇèÒ§ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§ (Government of India) áÅÐÃÑ°ºÒÅ
ÁÅÃÑ° (State Government) ÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹ ÃÑ°ºÒÅÁÅÃÑ°ÁÕÍӹҨ㹡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁʧºàÃÕºÃéÍÂáÅÐÃÑ¡ÉÒ¡®ËÁÒ ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ Êѧ¤ÁáÅÐÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§ÁÅÃÑ°
- â¤Ã§ÊÃéÒ§¢Í§½èÒºÃÔËÒÃã¹áµèÅÐÃÑ° ÁÕ¼ÙéÇèÒ¡ÒÃÃÑ° (Governor) à»ç¹»ÃÐÁØ¢ ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃáµè§µÑé§
â´ÂµÃ§¨Ò¡»ÃиҹҸԺ´Õ ÃÑ°ºÒÅáËè§ÃÑ° (State Government) »ÃСͺ´éÇÂÁØ¢Á¹µÃÕ (Chief Minister) à»ç¹ËÑÇ˹éÒ áÅФ³ÐÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ»ÃШÓÃÑ° (State Ministers) ·Ñ駹Õé ÃÑ°ºÒÅáËè§ÃÑ°¨ÐÁÒ¨Ò¡¾Ãä¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ ËÃ×Íä´éÃѺáµè§µÑ駨ҡÊÀҹԵԺѭ­ÑµÔáËè§ÃÑ° (Legislative Assembly)
-- Edited by Bollywood2Thai at 12:17, 2005-03-14



-- Edited by Bollywood2Thai at 12:22, 2005-03-14

-- Edited by Bollywood2Thai at 12:45, 2005-03-21

__________________
Page 1 of 1  sorted by
 
Quick Reply

Please log in to post quick replies.

Tweet this page Post to Digg Post to Del.icio.us


Create your own FREE Forum
Report Abuse
Powered by ActiveBoard